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Gary S. Gaulin
Joined: 21 Sep 2006 Posts: 644 Location: Massachusetts
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Posted: Fri Apr 17, 2009 7:23 pm Post subject: "Systems Biology" science, has free software to go |
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There is a whole new science coming of age called "Systems Biology" that is more or less trying to go from genes to what the theory predicts will be a "system" like shown by this circuit:
From: http://theoryofid.blogspot.com/
Here is an introduction to the science:
http://www.systemsbiology.org/Systems_Biology_in_Depth/Premise_of_Systems_Biology
This directly relates to what I show in bold below. It's part of the sensory feedback and memory addressing:
| Quote: | From Introduction:
A computer model of the intelligence mechanism shows it can be reduced to four necessary requirements. First something to control (motors, muscles, metabolic cycle). Secondly feedback to gauge failure or success in actions. Thirdly an addressable memory to store sensory input and action taken. Fourth a guess mechanism that tries a new actions, either a "good guess" as in genome to protein conserved domains being tried in new combinations or a "random guess" as in replication errors that can from-scratch design the conserved domains. |
Systems biology has the software to schematically draw the biological circuit I must draw too. After updating to Java 6 this one worked great.
http://www.biotapestry.org/
To draw out the data in a more biological looking format.
http://www.cytoscape.org/
This is a BIG help because now I don't have to start from scratch writing programs to draw the system. Have lots of help now!
Science teachers sure need to keep up on this one too. It's becoming the modern way to explain how cells work. And comes with free open source Java software that might be useful for learning that programming language. With Visual Basic no longer a standard I need to make an applet for the computer model so even I have to keep up with the changing times. Systems Biology seems to help make that relatively easy. _________________ http://gaulintracksite.blogspot.com/ |
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wffarrell
Joined: 22 Sep 2006 Posts: 488 Location: Houston, Texas
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Posted: Fri Apr 17, 2009 7:54 pm Post subject: |
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It seems to me that the vision part would have been written in Visual Basic, and the part that "wakes up and smells the coffee" would be written in Java.
Perhaps French organisms were written in Pascal.
Fish were probably written in C. |
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Gary S. Gaulin
Joined: 21 Sep 2006 Posts: 644 Location: Massachusetts
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Posted: Fri Apr 17, 2009 9:50 pm Post subject: |
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Shhhhhh! We're busy studying, you troll you!
At least I finished scanning the BioTapestry Quick Start Tutorial.
http://www.biotapestry.org/quickStart/QuickStart.html
I also downloaded the source code. What a collection of files that is! Not a beginners project, that's for sure. But I get the idea of drawing with arrows and repressors with the foot at the end of the line that connects to the gene. That gets me on the same page with scientists as how to connect into genetic regulatory network schematics.
Now I need to try getting Cytoscape running. How did it work for thine all knowing teacherlyness?
http://www.cytoscape.org/features2.php _________________ http://gaulintracksite.blogspot.com/ |
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wffarrell
Joined: 22 Sep 2006 Posts: 488 Location: Houston, Texas
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Posted: Sat Apr 18, 2009 10:03 am Post subject: |
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It took me all night to think of this so pay attention.
What was the Garden of Eden written in?
Python! |
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Jack Krebs
Joined: 22 Sep 2006 Posts: 640
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Posted: Sat Apr 18, 2009 8:36 pm Post subject: |
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| And clams are written in ....? |
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Gary S. Gaulin
Joined: 21 Sep 2006 Posts: 644 Location: Massachusetts
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Posted: Sun Apr 19, 2009 4:15 am Post subject: |
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Clams are written in a shell!!!!
As in "Shell program" where you just write in the vital code so do not have to write the whole thing. That's what right away came to my mind as an obvious one.
But I did not spend all night thinking up an answer like wffarrell probably did (not that I would want to) so maybe there's a better possibility. That would sure prove their scientific superiority!
Good news is that I managed to get Cytoscape running then took a look at the source code download, which included an interesting test data file called ontologySession that has metabolic pathway clusters with recognizable names to help figure out what is going on. With gene number "3015" it connected straight to NCBI then I soon had 500+ nodes showing human "Signaling in immune system" on the screen, all different ways.
Now I need a model organism but there does not look like much is there to work from. All that science does not know yet is so darn annoying! Wffarrell needs to do something about that!! |
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Jack Krebs
Joined: 22 Sep 2006 Posts: 640
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Posted: Sun Apr 19, 2009 9:27 am Post subject: |
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| Nice try, but no. Clams are written in Perl. |
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wffarrell
Joined: 22 Sep 2006 Posts: 488 Location: Houston, Texas
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Posted: Sun Apr 19, 2009 9:34 am Post subject: |
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Yeah, Jack, but Perl stands not alone.
It must be in a shell. Furthermore, I predict that the California (Berkley) shell would be morphologically different from the African (gnu) shell, both, of course, descended from the common marine shell, C-shell. |
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Jack Krebs
Joined: 22 Sep 2006 Posts: 640
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Posted: Sun Apr 19, 2009 9:54 am Post subject: |
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Ah yes, perl in a shell that came from the C. I get it now.  |
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Gary S. Gaulin
Joined: 21 Sep 2006 Posts: 644 Location: Massachusetts
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Posted: Mon Apr 20, 2009 5:25 am Post subject: |
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But pearls come from oysters! Then again the shell is made of "mother of pearl" so I guess it works. kinda.
Pearl is also used in bioinformatics, a little. I would much rather program in that than Java. So I'll try to make like a clam and (where possible) use pearl. Problem seems to be in a good easily available visual editor. Without that writing a program can take forever. The Microsoft Visual Studio - Visual Basic editor system set the standard and might still be the fastest way to develop a program. I noticed a Perl add-in for Visual Studio so maybe I'll try it.
And I found a MUST SEE video on nucleosome self-assembly and the replication mechanism. First time I saw it. This is incredible!
http://www.ecolicommunity.org/?option=com_content&task=view&id=2263
There is no doubt that molecular biology is running right straight into robotics and all else. It's the only way I see of explaining how all of that is possible. Science just keeps making everything more complicated all the time. What ever happened hey to the good old days that wffarrall knows where DNA just unzipped then there are two and that was all there was to it? These days science just keeps on making things harder to explain, all the time.
Thankfully I made progress in finding a model organism. There are videos here showing how the BioCyc database works and what it shows. Very educational.
http://www.ecocyc.org/webinar.shtml
From what I can see the most studied "E.Coli K-12" is perfect. It has a simple genome with nothing fancy. The "K-12" strain easy to remember and sounds like it was supposed to be the critter for K-12 education.
Yeast has a good deal of experimental metabolic data but it's kinda boring. E.Coli have flagella!
http://www.aip.org/pt/jan00/berg.htm |
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Gary S. Gaulin
Joined: 21 Sep 2006 Posts: 644 Location: Massachusetts
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Posted: Mon Apr 20, 2009 11:05 pm Post subject: |
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After watching the video on how EcoCyc works I found an "Escherichia coli transcriptional regulatory network for sensing the extracellular and intracellular environment" database and cell sensing info!
http://regulondb.ccg.unam.mx/html/CellSensing.jsp
And notice how drawing it all out by function is such a mass of lines it's hard to tell what is going on:
http://www.ccg.unam.mx/Computational_Genomics/regulondb/CellSensing/sup-fig2.pdf
You can't see what switches the flagellum in response to environment. Probably not much there to explain that yet, anyway. So here there is a "system" to explain. If it is the "random behavior" mechanism in control of the flagella then there is no "cellular intelligence" present. If there is associative memory in control of flagella then there is cellular intelligence present. It does not matter to the theory which it is, the theory provides a way to determine that.
The theory predicts molecular intelligence is present to account for the ability to come up with such brilliant design, so there is the genome itself to explain the same way (already know it's a memory) but that has the same kind of visualization problem in addition to it having to replicate. A computer model could then be environmentally stressed with a resulting lineage within range produced by experimentally stressing real E.Coli to the same conditions. Epigenetics should be relatively predictable. Code changes lesser so, but a computer model should find possibilities.
I'm not sure how much I can sort out from all the data, but at least there is now something available to start drawing a model E.Coli from. Learn how it works by putting an E.Coli together sort of thing.
The following are vital basics worth noting:
| Quote: | General Introduction
A database is a model of a piece of the world. In this sense, RegulonDB is a model of the complex regulation of transcription initiation or regulatory network of the cell. On the other hand, it is also a model of the organization of the genes in transcription units, operons and simple and complex regulons. In this regard, RegulonDB is a computational model of mechanisms of transcriptional regulation.
Introduction
Most of the times, regulatory elements occur upstream of operons. However, there is a good number of regulatory elements (promoter and binding sites) located inside a promoter, defining a different transcription unit.
An important aspect to keep in mind in order to avoid misunderstandings in the content of a database, is the fact that our current understanding and characterization of different genes, operons and regulatory mechanisms, is quite variable. For some genes, their mechanisms are very well described, whereas in other cases there is no regulation defined for a given promoter, or a promoter has been characterized upstream of a poorly characterized operon or transcription unit. Our definitions and conventions affect not only the way well-characterized systems are described, but also the way the lack of information is taken into consideration.
............
Operon
An operon is the set of one or several genes and their associated regulatory elements, which are transcribed as a single unit. The classical definition is that of a group of two or more genes transcribed as a polycistronic unit (Jacob and Monod, JMB, 1961). For database purposes, we extend the definition to include the possibility of operons with only one gene.
Note: An operon is, therefore, a group of one or more contiguous genes transcribed in the same direction. Please note that given this definition, an operon must contain a promoter upstream of all genes and a terminator downstream. It is also relatively common to find operons with several promoters, some of them internally located, thus transcribing a partial group of genes. In all cases so far, one gene belongs to only one operon.
The graphic display of an operon contains all the genes of its different transcription units, as well as all the regulatory elements involved in the transcription and regulation of those TUs. The genome browser shows genes and operons, accepting also monocistronic operons.
Transcription unit (TU)
A Transcription unit is a set of one or more genes transcribed from a single promoter. A TU may also include regulatory protein binding sites affecting this promoter and a terminator. Note: A complex operon with several promoters contains, therefore, several transcription units. Given the definition of an operon, at least one transcription unit must include all the genes in the operon.
Promoter
A promoter is the DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription. Notes: Promoter sequences are specific to the different sigma factors associated to the RNA polymerase core. A promoter is represented as a stretch of upper-case nucleotide sequence, 60 bases upstream and 20 downstream from the precise initiation of transcription or +1. More recently, it has been identified that there are RNAP binding sites which do not initiate transcription. Following the definition, these are not promoters, since they are not functional.
Binding site
The TFs binding sites are physical DNA sites recognized by transcription factors within a genome. Note: Historically, binding sites for transcriptional regulators were defined as operator sites. There are several meanings of an operator site. In their wider meaning, operator sites are sites for repressors or activators. Later on, the term "activator sites" was opposed to "operator sites", where operator sites were limited to sites for the binding of repressor regulators. In bacteria, specifically for Sigma 54 promoters, the term "UAS" for upstream activator sites is also used to refer to activator site that functions remotely. A related term is that of enhancers. An enhancer has been initially defined as an activator sites, tht functions from far upstream, and which functions in either orientations in relation to the promoter.
Terminators
The region where transcription ends, and RNAP unbinds from DNA.
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http://regulondb.ccg.unam.mx/html/What_is_RegulonDB.jsp
It seems like the amount that is needed to understand a schematic of the organism is not overly overwhelming. But it's going to end up being a big one! Looks like it would need to cover a wall to visibly see each gene around the circular genome and all else that can be drawn into it. That seems to be the simplest thing to do data conversion wise. Only problem is all it needs to show, to show much at all. |
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